Article 243K ('Elections to the Panchayats') in Part IX (The Panchayats, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992) codifies grassroots rural democracy. Specifically, this provision governs: (1) The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to the Panchayats shall be vested in a State Election Commission consisting of a State Election Commissioner to be...
Article 243L ('Application to Union territories') in Part IX (The Panchayats, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992) codifies grassroots rural democracy. Specifically, this provision governs: The provisions of this Part shall apply to the Union territories and shall, in their application to a Union territory, have effect as if the references to the Governor of a State were references to the Administrator of the Union territory...
Article 243M ('Part not to apply to certain areas') in Part IX (The Panchayats, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992) codifies grassroots rural democracy. Specifically, this provision governs: (1) Nothing in this Part shall apply to the Scheduled Areas referred to in clause (1), and the tribal areas referred to in clause (2), of article 244. (2) Nothing in this Part shall apply to — (a) the States of Nagaland, Meghalaya...
Article 243N ('Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats') in Part IX (The Panchayats, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992) codifies grassroots rural democracy. Specifically, this provision governs: Notwithstanding anything in this Part, any provision of any law relating to Panchayats in force in a State immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992, which is inconsistent with the...
Article 243O ('Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters') in Part IX (The Panchayats, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992) codifies grassroots rural democracy. Specifically, this provision governs: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, — (a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not...
Article 243P ('Definitions') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, — (a) “Committee” means a Committee constituted under article 243S; (b) “district” means a district in a State; (c) “Metropolitan area” means an area having a...
Article 243Q ('Constitution of Municipalities') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) There shall be constituted in every State, — (a) a Nagar Panchayat (by whatever name called) for a transitional area, that is to say, an area in transition from a rural area to an urban area; (b) a Municipal Council for a smaller...
Article 243R ('Composition of Municipalities') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) Save as provided in clause (2), all the seats in a Municipality shall be filled by persons chosen by direct election from the territorial constituencies in the Municipal area and for this purpose each Municipal area shall be divided...
Article 243S ('Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) There shall be constituted Wards Committees, consisting of one or more wards, within the territorial area of a Municipality having a population of three lakhs or more. (2) The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provision with...
Article 243T ('Reservation of seats') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) Seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in every Municipality and the number of seats so reserved shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled by...
Article 243U ('Duration of Municipalities, etc') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) Every Municipality, unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force, shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer: Provided that a Municipality shall be given a...
Article 243V ('Disqualifications for membership') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a Municipality — (a) if he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of elections to the Legislature of the...
Article 243W ('Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow — (a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and...
Article 243X ('Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: The Legislature of a State may, by law, — (a) authorise a Municipality to levy, collect and appropriate such taxes, duties, tolls and fees in accordance with such procedure and subject to such limits; (b) assign to a Municipality...
Article 243Y ('Finance Commission') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) The Finance Commission constituted under article 243-I shall also review the financial position of the Municipalities and make recommendations to the Governor as to — (a) the principles which should govern— (i) the distribution...
Article 243Z ('Audit of accounts of Municipalities') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provisions with respect to the maintenance of accounts by the Municipalities and the auditing of such accounts.
Article 243ZA ('Elections to the Municipalities') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to the Municipalities shall be vested in the State Election Commission referred to in article 243K. (2) Subject...
Article 243ZB ('Application to Union territories') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: The provisions of this Part shall apply to the Union territories and shall, in their application to a Union territory, have effect as if the references to the Governor of a State were references to the Administrator of the Union territory...
Article 243ZC ('Part not to apply to certain areas') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) Nothing in this Part shall apply to the Scheduled Areas referred to in clause (1), and the tribal areas referred to in clause (2), of article 244. (2) Nothing in this Part shall be construed to affect the functions and powers of the...
Article 243ZD ('Committee for district planning') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) There shall be constituted in every State at the district level a District Planning Committee to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities in the district and to prepare a draft development plan for the...
Article 243ZE ('Committee for Metropolitan planning') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: (1) There shall be constituted in every Metropolitan area a Metropolitan Planning Committee to prepare a draft development plan for the Metropolitan area as a whole. (2) The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provision with respect...
Article 243ZF ('Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: Notwithstanding anything in this Part, any provision of any law relating to Municipalities in force in a State immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992, which is inconsistent with the...
Article 243ZG ('Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters') in Part IX-A (The Municipalities, inserted by the 74th Amendment Act, 1992) governs constitutional urban local bodies (Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations). Specifically, this article provides: Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, — (a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243ZA shall not...
Article 243ZH ('Definitions') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires,— (a) "authorised person" means a person referred to as such in article 243ZQ; (b) "board" means the board of directors or the governing body of a co-operative society, by whatever...
Article 243ZI ('Incorporation of co-operative societies') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: Subject to the provisions of this Part, the Legislature of a State may, by law, make provisions with respect to the incorporation, regulation and winding up of co-operative societies based on the principles of voluntary formation,...
Article 243ZJ ('Number and term of members of board and its office bearers') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: (1) The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the Legislature of a State, by law: Provided that the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one: Provided further...
Article 243ZK ('Election of members of board') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law made by the Legislature of a State, the election of a board shall be conducted before the expiry of the term of the board so as to ensure that the newly elected members of the board assume...
Article 243ZL ('Supersession and suspension of board and interim management') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no board shall be superseded or kept under supersession for a period exceeding six months: Provided that the board may be superseded or kept under suspension...
Article 243ZM ('Audit of accounts of co-operative societies') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: (1) The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provisions with respect to the maintenance of accounts by the co-operative societies and the auditing of such accounts at least once in each financial year. (2) The Legislature of a State...
Article 243ZN ('Convening of general body meetings') is part of Part IX-B (The Co-operative Societies, inserted by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011). It safeguards autonomous, member-driven co-operative societies (housing societies, dairy/agricultural co-operatives, credit societies) by regulating board elections, 5-year terms, annual general meetings, independent financial audits, and every member's right to inspect society accounts and records. Specifically: The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provisions that the annual general body meeting of every co-operative society shall be convened within a period of six months of close of the financial year to transact the business as may be...
