Fundamental duties

Incorporated into Part IV-A by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976) on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee—with the 11th duty added by the 86th Amendment (2002)—Article 51A reminds us that rights and duties are two sides of the same constitutional coin. It enumerates 11 specific civic responsibilities (Clauses a to k): (a) Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, the National Flag, and the National Anthem; (b) Cherish the noble ideals of the freedom struggle; (c) Uphold the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India; (d) Defend the country and render national service when called; (e) Promote harmony and renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (f) Value and preserve our rich composite culture; (g) Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and have compassion for living creatures; (h) Develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) Safeguard public property and abjure violence; (j) Strive towards excellence in all spheres; and (k) Provide opportunities for education to children aged 6 to 14 years.