Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
Quick Summary (TL;DR)
Article 231 (Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States): Governs State High Courts, judicial independence, and writ/supervisory jurisdiction under Part VI.
In Simple Citizen Words
Article 231 ('Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States') in Part VI, Chapter V governs the High Courts in the States. It regulates the constitution of High Courts, appointment and tenure security of High Court Judges, Court of Record powers (Art 215), writ jurisdiction to enforce Fundamental and legal rights (Art 226), or supervisory control over all district/subordinate courts within the State (Art 227). Specifically: (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding provisions of this Chapter, Parliament may by law establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union territory. (2) In relation to any such...
Key Constitutional Provisions
Constitutional Mandate (Art. 231): Directly codifies the legal rule for 'Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States' under Part VI
Structured across 2 clause(s) and 3 sub-clause(s) with explicit constitutional provisos/safeguards
Backed by independent judicial oversight of the High Courts to protect constitutional legality
Exceptions & Reasonable Restrictions
High Court judicial independence is part of the inviolable Basic Structure of the Constitution (L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India, 1997).
Why This Matters in Daily Life
Provides every citizen with an independent constitutional court within their own State to challenge unlawful police or administrative actions.
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